Incidence of aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> in cows' milk in Pakistan, effects on milk quality and evaluation of therapeutic management in dairy animals

The present study was aimed at measuring the concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk Holstein Friesian cows, its effect on quality and seasonal trends, as well to investigate efficacy a commercial clay-based toxin binder. For this purpose, samples from dairy cows (n = 72) were collected assayed for AFM1 before employing selected animals, revealing that 69.4% had levels above United States permissible limit (0.5 µg/kg). incidence during winter summer 82.5% 53.1%, respectively. Owing presence AFM1, level fat, solids-not-fat, protein found be low. Subsequently, affected animals divided into two groups, i.e., positive control 10) experimental group 40). fed binder 25 g/animal/day. A progressive decrease 19.8% observed day 4 7 (53.6%) treatment group. Furthermore, solids-non-fat increased significantly milk. In conclusion, high contamination occurs Pakistan, affecting production. Clay-based binders may used ensure protect animal consumer health.